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The second installment of the popular series! New standards after national certification

In 2023, a nationally certified pet veterinary nurse was established. This dramatically increased the social status and expertise of pet veterinary nurses, and we are now in an era where more advanced knowledge, skills, and responsible behavior are required in clinical settings.
This series was designed for companion animal nurses, instructors, and veterinarians responsible for in-hospital education after passing the national examination.
It is a very useful book that is "a practical guide closely tied to clinical practice that can be used immediately after graduation."

"Pet animal nurse" has become a national qualification, and in the field, there is a greater demand than ever for nurses to not only know the techniques for each test, but also understand the rationale behind those procedures.
The development of testing equipment has been remarkable, and it is important to always keep learning new information when it comes to understanding procedures and management. However, the content of the tests is so wide-ranging that many people in the field find it difficult to reach a point where they can put them into practice with confidence.
This book is a practical guide for postgraduate education for qualified personnel, with many photographs and illustrations for practicing tests in each field. It helps you understand the necessary mindset (what posture to use), rationale (why), and procedures (how) all at once.

Furthermore, in addition to publishing the standard procedures found in textbooks, the book also includes key points and precautions for procedures when dealing with a variety of animals in irregular situations, allowing you to expand your knowledge of animal nursing that takes individual needs into consideration.In addition, there is a system in place that allows you to learn procedures that are difficult to understand by reading alone through videos.

<Features of this book>
01. A practical book that covers clinical testing techniques with many photographs and illustrations. Techniques that are difficult to understand just by reading can also be learned through videos.
02. You will simultaneously learn the mindset (what posture), rationale (why), and procedures (how) required to provide animal nursing care in a clinical setting.
03. In addition to the standard procedures found in textbooks, this book also clearly explains the key points and precautions for handling animals in irregular situations. This will definitely broaden your knowledge of animal nursing care.

【table of contents】
On publication
Author list
How to use this book
About terms used in this book

Introduction: Attitude of a pet animal nurse in clinical testing
Written by: Tamimi Oda
　What is the "Code of Ethics for Companion Animal Caregivers" that is important in clinical testing?
　The mindset of pet animal nurses when conducting clinical tests

Chapter 1 Blood Tests
Written by: Tomohiro Nakamura
<General> What do veterinarians want to know from each blood test item? What do they suspect?
　Major blood test items

<Specific Section 1> What blood test results do I need to report to my veterinarian?
　Reference value (reference range)
　Sensitivity and specificity

<Specifics 2> What are the different storage methods for each ingredient?
　Types of blood collection tubes and tests used

<Special Topic 3> What is the difference between plasma and serum? How can you properly separate them?
　Difference between plasma and serum
　Centrifuge
　Basic usage of a centrifuge
　Precautions when using a centrifuge

<Special Topic 4> What should you pay attention to in order to perform a complete blood count (CBC) quickly and correctly?
　Handling and storage of materials
　Equipment Calibration and Maintenance
　Checking the condition of the material
　Checking for errors
　Check nursing animal information
　Precautions when mixing by inversion

<Special Topic 5> What are the tips for creating beautiful blood smears?
　Procedure Pressed glass method (wedge method)
　Procedure: Pulled glass method (slide glass method)
　Procedure Pulled glass method (cover glass method)
　<COLUMN: Is the pressed glass method the global standard?>
　How to judge the quality of the smear you made
　<COLUMN: An example of a poor quality specimen>

<Special Topic 6> What should you be careful of when observing a blood smear and what are the tips for quickly performing a white blood cell percentage?
　Three points to consider when classifying white blood cells

<Special Topic 7> What are the points to be careful about when taking blood chemistry tests and tips for preparing ahead?
　Nutritional status
　<COLUMN What is colloid osmotic pressure?>
　Liver and biliary system
　<COLUMN Direct bilirubin and indirect bilirubin>
　lipid system
　Glucose metabolism
　Pancreatic system
　Renal system
　Minerals and electrolytes
　<COLUMN Hypophosphatemia during diabetes treatment>
　<The relationship between COLUMN IP and calcium>

<Special Topic 8> What are the tips and insights gained from testing using hematocrit (Ht) tubes?
　Procedure PCV inspection
　<<What is the difference between COLUMN PCV and HCT (Ht)?>>
　Plasma color test
　Total protein testing using hematocrit tubes
　Procedure Total protein test using a refractometer
　Hematocrit tube test using buffy coat

<Special Topic 9> What do blood coagulation tests tell us and how do they work?
　What is a blood coagulation test?
　What blood coagulation tests can tell you
　Precautions when performing blood coagulation tests

<Special Topic 10> What do we learn by measuring blood gases and how do we do it?
　What is blood gas measurement?
　What blood gas measurements can tell you
　Precautions when measuring blood gases

<Special Discussion 11> What does immunological testing tell us and how does it work?
　What immunological testing can tell you
　Precautions when performing immunological tests

Chapter 2 Urine Testing
Written by: Tomohiro Nakamura
<General> What do veterinarians want to know from each item in a urine test? What do they suspect?
　Urinalysis
　Veterinarians' comprehensive evaluation perspective
　≪COLUMN Health Check Starting with Urine≫

<Specific Section 1> What kind of urine test results do I need to report to my veterinarian?
　The importance of urine tests
　Basic knowledge of urine tests
　Main test items of urine test
　Urinary abnormalities that should be reported to your veterinarian

<Special Topic 2> What are the appropriate and inappropriate ways to store urine?
　Appropriate urine storage methods (storage methods that do not affect test results)
　Urine storage methods to avoid (methods that affect test results)

<Special Topic 3> What are the correct techniques for physical property testing and tips to avoid overlooking anything?
　Overview of physical property testing
　Correct techniques and evaluation points

<Special Topic 4> What are the correct techniques for chemical property testing and tips to avoid overlooking anything?
　Important points to note when testing chemical properties
　Procedure Urine test strip test
　Tips to ensure you don't miss the results
　Significance of glucose in urine
　≪COLUMN Pay attention to this! Positive glucose in urine does not necessarily mean diabetes!

<Special Topic 5> What are the techniques for urinary sediment testing and tips for microscopic examination to obtain accurate results?
　Urinary sediment examination
　Procedure: Urinary sediment examination
　Microscopic observation
　Representative images of urinary sediment
　<COLUMN: Key points for animal care based on urine specific gravity results>

Chapter 3 Fecal Examination
Written by: Asahi Asuka
<General> What do veterinarians want to know from each item in the fecal test? What do they suspect?
　Before performing a fecal test
　Internal parasitic infections
　The three major nutrients and digestive ability
　Intestinal bacterial balance and activity
　Detection of abnormal bacteria

<Specific topic 1> What kind of fecal test results require reporting?
　Purpose of fecal testing
　Types of fecal tests

<Special Topic 2> How to collect stool and what are the appropriate and inappropriate ways to store stool?
　Appropriate stool storage methods (storage methods that do not affect test results)
　Stool storage methods to avoid (stool storage methods that may affect test results)
　stool collection method

<Special Topic 3> What are the correct techniques for property testing and tips to avoid overlooking anything?
　Property inspection
　Evaluation of stool consistency and shape
　COLUMN Points to note when observing odors

<Special Topic 4> What are the correct techniques, precautions, and tips for the direct and flotation methods?
　Direct method and floating method
　Procedure Direct Method
　COLUMN Can you do a fecal test using stool on a thermometer?
　Items to be observed using the direct method
　Balance of intestinal flora
　Abnormal bacterial growth
　Points to note when performing the flotation method
　Procedure: Flotation method
　COLUMN Types and characteristics of the main flotation liquids used in the flotation method

<Special Topic 5> What are the tips for performing microscopic examinations to avoid missing any abnormalities?
　Microscope settings

Chapter 4 Cytological examination and histopathological examination
Written by: Daigo Akegami
<General> What do veterinarians want to know from cytological and histopathological tests? What do they suspect?
　Cytological examination and histopathological examination
　Benefits of Cytology Testing
　Indications for cytology testing
　<COLUMN: How to Use Cytological Tests and Histopathological Tests>

<Specific Topic 1> What are the types of specimens used in histopathological examinations, and how are they prepared and collected?
　Needle core biopsy
　パンチ生検
　Excision/incision biopsy
　<COLUMN Excision biopsy is not the best treatment!>

<Special Topic 2> What are the appropriate and inappropriate methods for storing and handling various specimens in pathological tissue examinations?
　Appropriate specimen storage

<Special Topic 3> What is the correct method for preparing specimens for cytology testing?
　Procedure Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNA)
　Procedure Preparation of FNA specimen
　Procedure: Stamp method
　Procedure: Scratch method

<Special Topic 4> What methods are there for fixing and staining cytology specimens, and why would you choose one?
　Fixation and staining methods for cytological specimens
　Precautions after preparing a smear specimen

Chapter 5 Genetic Testing
Written by: Tomino Udagawa
<Overview> What is genetic testing? What can it tell us?
　What is genetic testing?
　Types of "abnormalities" seen in genetic testing
　Germline mutations and somatic mutations
　What genetic testing can tell you
　≪COLUMN: How do you explain genetic testing to pet owners? Is genetic testing available for humans?≫

<Special Topic 1> How are genes collected and preserved?
　The purpose and significance of genetic testing
　DNA extraction
　Procedure DNA extraction

<Special Topic 2> What types of genetic testing are there and how are they performed?
　Types of genetic testing
　Procedure PCR method

Chapter 6 Electrocardiogram and Blood Pressure Measurement
Written by: Ryohei Suzuki
<General overview> How do electrocardiograms and blood pressure measurements work and what can they tell us?
　How an electrocardiogram works
　How blood pressure is measured
　<COLUMN: Things you should check before reporting "The test was successful!">

<Special Topic 1> How to prepare for an electrocardiogram and how to measure it correctly?
　Procedure Standard limb lead recording
　Precautions during the examination

<Special Topic 2> How to prepare for blood pressure measurement and how to measure it correctly?
　Procedure Blood Pressure Measurement
　Precautions when measuring blood pressure
　<COLUMN: What to do when unexpected results occur (how to deal with irregularities)>

<Special Topic 3> What precautions should be taken when taking an electrocardiogram or measuring blood pressure during monitoring under intraoperative anesthesia?
　Reasons for electrocardiogram changes during monitoring under intraoperative anesthesia

Chapter 7 X-ray, CT, and MRI Examinations
Written by: Yoshiya Hagiwara
<General overview> How do X-ray, CT, and MRI scans work and what can they tell us?
　X-ray inspection
　CT examination
　MRI examination
　<Comparison of COLUMN X-ray, CT, and MRI examinations>

<Special Topic 1> What are the radiation protection methods during X-ray examinations and why?
　Why protect yourself from X-ray exposure
　Deterministic and stochastic effects of radiation exposure
　Radiation protection methods
　X-ray examination room structure
　Types of X-ray protective clothing
　X-ray Measurement Badge

<Special Topic 2> What are the tips for taking easy-to-read X-ray images?
　Shoot in the right conditions
　Taking the right images

<Special Topic 3> What is contrast fluoroscopy for and how is it performed?
　Esophageal dilation and peristalsis
　Fluoroscopy for the observation of esophageal dilation
　Procedure How to give barium

<Special Topic 4> How to develop X-ray film and what precautions should you take?
　How X-ray film works
　Handling of intensifying screens
　Development processing
　Console brightness adjustment

<Special Topic 5> What is the procedure and precautions for CT and MRI examinations?
　Arterial phase, venous phase, and equilibrium phase
　Before the CT scan
　Chest CT scan
　Procedure Chest
　<COLUMN Points to note when taking a chest CT scan: Atelectasis due to collapse is not allowed>
　Abdominal CT scan
　Procedure Abdominal
　<COLUMN Abdominal CT Scanning: Motion Artifacts Caused by Breathing>
　CT scan of the head and neck
　Procedure Head and Neck
　<Points to note when taking a COLUMN head CT scan>
　MRI examination
　Before an MRI
　MRI protocol
　Procedure: Brain MRI
　<<Things to be aware of during COLUMN MRI examination>>

Chapter 8 Ultrasound Examination
Written by: Ryohei Suzuki
<General overview> How does an ultrasound examination work and what can it tell us?
　What is ultrasound?

<Special Discussion 1> Ultrasound examination is likely to yield accurate results
　Any tips for retention?
　Tips for holding
　<COLUMN: Restraint of uncooperative animals during examination (without sedation)>

<Special Topic 2> What are the preparations for an ultrasound examination and the correct procedures for operating the equipment?
　Preparing for an ultrasound
　Preparing animals for ultrasound examination
　<COLUMN: Key points to explain to animals undergoing ultrasound examinations and their owners>
　Before an ultrasound examination
　Procedure Ultrasound Examination
　After an ultrasound examination
　<COLUMN Things to check after an ultrasound examination>

<Special Topic 3> What are the differences between B-mode, M-mode, and Doppler ultrasound examinations?
　B-mode, M-mode, Doppler

<Special Topic 4> What should you pay attention to when maintaining and managing ultrasound testing equipment?
　Ultrasound inspection equipment maintenance
　<<How to clean the COLUMN ultrasound probe>>

Chapter 9 Endoscopy
Written by: Tetsuya Kojima
<General> What do veterinarians want to know from endoscopic examinations? What can they learn?
　Macroscopic observation of the gastrointestinal mucosa
　Histopathological examination by biopsy

<Special Topic 1> What should I prepare for an endoscopic examination?
　Room layout and posture
　Precautions when using endoscopic equipment
　Procedure: Connecting the endoscope
　<COLUMN Understanding the various parts of an endoscope>

<Special Topic 2> What should I check before undergoing an endoscopic examination?
　Understanding the condition of nursing animals
　Pre-work inspection of endoscope equipment
　<COLUMN Endoscope "End of Day" Inspection>

<Special Topic 3> What is the procedure for an endoscopic examination?
　Scope insertion assistance
　Intragastric support
　Assistance when removing

<Special Topic 4> What is the appropriate way to handle samples collected by biopsy?
　Specimen handling
　Procedures How to handle specimens

<Special Topic 5> How should I clean and disinfect the scope?
　Washing immediately after removal from the animal (bedside washing, pre-washing)
　Attaching the waterproof cap
　Procedures after endoscopic procedure ①
　<COLUMN: Causes of water leaks and the importance of water leak testing>
　Procedures after endoscopic procedure ②
　Procedures after endoscopic procedure ③
　Procedures after endoscopic procedure ④
　Wipe off moisture
　Storage
　Cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization of endoscopic accessories and treatment tools

Chapter 10 Neurological Examination
Written by: Kazuyuki Yoshikawa
<General> What do veterinarians want to know from a neurological examination? What can they learn?
Overview of the neurological examination
Neurological examination procedure
Precautions when conducting neurological examinations

<Specific Topic 1> What do observation and palpation confirm?
Observation points

<Special Topic 2> What is postural response?
　What is postural response?
　Assessment of proprioception
　Procedure Knuckling
　Procedure Paper slide test
　Step-back reaction
　Procedure Tactile response
　Procedure Visual Reaction
　Jumping reaction
　Steps Jumping Reaction
　Righting reaction
　Procedure Trunk Righting Reaction
　Procedure Labyrinth Righting Response
　Wheelbarrow Reaction
　Procedure Wheelbarrow Reaction
　Postural extensor thrust response
　Procedure Postural Extensor Response

<Special Topic 3> What is a spinal reflex?
　What are spinal reflexes?
　Why symptoms vary depending on the location of the lesion
　Patellar tendon (quadriceps) reflex
　Procedure: Patellar (quadriceps) reflex
　extensor carpi radialis reflex
　Procedure Extensor carpi radialis reflex
　Withdrawal reflex
　Procedure Forelimb withdrawal reflex
　Procedure Hindlimb withdrawal reflex
　cross extension reflex
　Procedure Crossed Extensor Reflex
　perineal reflex
　Procedure Perineal reflex
　muscle reflex
　Procedure Muscular Reflex

<Special Topic 4> What is a cranial nerve examination?
　Basic information about the cranial nerves
　Facial symmetry
　Procedure Facial muscles
　Procedure Temporal muscle and masseter muscle
　eyelid reflex
　Procedure Eyelid reflex
　Corneal reflex
　Procedure Corneal reflex
　Threat blink response
　Procedure: Threatened blink response
　Pupil symmetry
　Procedure Pupil Symmetry
　Strabismus
　Procedure Strabismus: Observation in normal position
　Procedure Strabismus: Head position change (induction)
　Nystagmus
　Procedure Nystagmus: Observation in normal position
　Procedure Nystagmus: Head position change (induction)
　physiological nystagmus
　Procedure Physiological Nystagmus
　The best way to get rid of the virus
　Procedure Light reflex
　Facial perception
　Procedure Facial Perception
　Muscle tone when opening the mouth, swallowing, tongue movement, position and symmetry
　Procedure Muscle tone when opening mouth, swallowing, tongue movement, position and symmetry
　Symmetry of the trapezius, clavicular head, and sternal head muscles
　Procedure Symmetry of the trapezius, clavicular head, and sternal head muscles
　Cotton ball drop test
　Procedure Cotton ball drop test
　Olfactory test
　Procedure Olfactory test

<Special Topic 5> What is a sensory test?
　hypersensitivity
　Procedure Visual assessment of hypersensitivity
　Procedure: Assessment of hypersensitivity by light palpation
　superficial pain sensation
　Procedure Superficial pain sensation
　Deep pain sensation
　Procedure Deep Pain Sensation
　<COLUMN Why is the evaluation of deep pain sensation important?>

<Special Topic 6> What is urinary function?
　About Neurogenic Urinary Disorders
　Procedure Urinary Function

Chapter 11 Ophthalmic Examination
Written by: Shiho Sugihara and Ayana Mori
<General> What do veterinarians want to know from each item in an eye examination? What do they suspect?
　Functions and mechanisms of the eye
　眼の構造
　Ophthalmological examination procedure
　<COLUMN: Systemic diseases that also manifest in the eyes>
　The importance of retention
　The need for eye drops

<Special Topic 1> What is involved in an eye examination? What kind of restraints are required for vision tests?
　Procedures Basics of Ophthalmic Retention
　Threat blink response
　Procedure: Confirmation of vision by threat blink response
　What are the dizzy reflex and pupillary light reflex?
　Procedures Other visual tests
　<COLUMN What is iris atrophy?>

<Special Topic 2> What are the preparations, correct techniques and tips for the Schirmer test and fluorescein staining test?
　Procedure Schirmer test
　Procedure Fluorescein staining test
　<COLUMN: Look inside the eye with a slit lamp>

<Special Topic 3> When should intraocular pressure be measured? Is it true that intraocular pressure changes with retention?
　Rebound tonometer and applanation tonometer
　Procedure: Intraocular pressure measurement using a rebound tonometer
　Procedure: Intraocular pressure measurement using an applanation tonometer

<Special Topic 4> When should a fundus examination be performed?
　Direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy
　Transillumination method
　Procedure Indirect ophthalmoscopy

<Special Topic 5> When are ophthalmic ultrasound examinations and cytology examinations performed?
　Procedure Ultrasound Examination
　Procedure Cytology Test

Chapter 12 Skin and Ear Examination
Written by: Kitamiya Eri
<General> What is the structure of the skin and ears? What abnormalities are there?
　Understanding the structure of the skin
　Know the names of skin abnormalities (changes in appearance)
　Understanding ear structure and abnormalities

<Special Topic 1> What are the types of skin tests and the correct techniques and tips?
　Skin test ① Skin stamp test procedure
　Skin test ② Skin scraping test procedure
　Skin test 3: Hair test
　Skin Examination ④ Skin Biopsy Procedure

<Special Topic 2> What are the procedures and tips for Wood's light examination and fungal culture?
Wood's light examination procedure
Fungal culture procedure
<COLUMN: How can I effectively listen to my pet's owner?>

<Special Topic 3> What are the correct techniques and tips for an ear canal examination (otoscopic examination)? What do they look at in an earwax examination?
Ear canal examination procedure
Earwax Examination Procedure

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